怎样分析长难句丨出国考试培训专家
2017-03-07 17:07 关注度：408
有的老师说要分析长难句，得先抓句子主干。可怎么抓他又说得含含糊糊。有人说要抓主谓宾，可我从哪下手，才能抓住主谓宾？还有人说要抓动词，一个长难句中有那么多动词，我抓哪个呢？就好像咱妈总逼咱找个老婆，可外面那么多老婆，我找谁的合适呢？
教师说话，必须一针见血，可操作、可复制。来跟着魔力英语的怪蜀黍Shelfom一起分析长难句。默念口诀：先做减法，后做加法。英文叫MBP：Minus Before Plus.
句子之所以长且难，是因为套了很多修饰、限定成分，所以我们先要把这些成分砍掉（主要是定语和状语）。砍掉之后，主干自动浮现。
定语主要指名词后面的4种常见短语，如
介词短语
fish ( in the water )
workers ( on duty )
现在分词短语
baby ( crying for milk )
crowds ( passing by )
过去分词短语
meeting ( held yesterday )
letter ( written in English )
不定式短语
nothing ( to do )
someone ( to talk to )
砍掉的，当然还包括定语从句和状语从句这两种修饰性从句。
定语从句
mails ( which came this morning )
状语从句
I agreed ( because I had no choice ).
简称四短二从，即四个短语和两个从句。大家平时分析句子时要像上述例子一样，先把“四短二从”括起来删掉。看清句子主干后，再一点一点加回来。看下面这个雅思阅读真题中的句子。
A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.
先做减法，划括号：( A few years ago ), ( in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments ( in behavioural psychology ), Stanley Milgram ( of Yale University ) tested 40 subjects ( from all walks of life ( for their willingness ( to obey instructions ( given by a “leader” ( in a situation ( in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste ( for the actions ( they were called upon ( to perform.
句子主干浮现：Stanley Milgram tested subjects. 即SM拿别人做了个实验。
再做加法。
从离主干最近的地方开始往回加
Stanley Milgram ( of Yale University ) tested 40 subjects ( from all walks of life......
目的状语for their willingness ( to obey instructions修饰tested。
后置定语given by a“leader”修饰instructions。
地点状语 in a situation修饰to obey。
定语从句in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste修饰situation。
后置定语for the actions修饰distaste。
定语从句they were called upon to perform修饰actions。
就是说：几年前，耶鲁这位大哥测验了来自社会各界的40个人，想看看他们在本人不喜欢的前提下，是否愿意遵从“领导”的指令。这项实验跟魔力英语的教学风格一样，极专业，极有趣，极变态。